Plaçage was a recognized extralegal system in which white French and Spanish and later Creole men entered into the equivalent of common-law marriages with women of African, Indian and white (European) Creole descent, says Wikipedia.
The term comes from the French placer meaning "to place with". The women were not legally recognized as wives, but were known as placées; their relationships were recognized among the free people of color as mariages de la main gauche or left-handed marriages.
Many were often quarteronnes or quadroons, the offspring of a European and a mulatto, but plaçage did occur between whites and mulattoes and blacks. The system flourished throughout the French and Spanish colonial periods, and apparently reached its zenith during the latter, between 1769 and 1803.
It was not limited to Louisiana, but also flourished in the cities of Natchez and Biloxi, Mississippi; Mobile, Alabama; St. Augustine and Pensacola, Florida;[1] as well as Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti). Plaçage, however, drew most of its fame—and notoriety—from its open application in New Orleans. Despite the prevalence of interracial encounters in the colony, not all Creole women of color were or became placées.
Tuesday, September 7, 2010
Norton Landscape Photo Project due Tues, Sept 21, 15 pts
Due Tues, Sept 21, for 15 pts:
The Norton Landscape Photos
GoogleDoc Presentation (aka powerpoint show).
Photo essay of people and landscape (5 images, total) using the campus of RW Norton Art Foundation. Try to visit at sunset to be able to use the sweetest light.
This is, of course, an independent trip, not a class field trip.
Demonstrate
a) side-lighted portraiture
b) S curve composition
c) sunset lighting
d) water reflection composition
e) geometry in nature
f) kinetic energy
Include snappy title and explanatory subtitle.
Also, identifications of people and site(s).
The Norton Landscape Photos
GoogleDoc Presentation (aka powerpoint show).
Photo essay of people and landscape (5 images, total) using the campus of RW Norton Art Foundation. Try to visit at sunset to be able to use the sweetest light.
This is, of course, an independent trip, not a class field trip.
Demonstrate
a) side-lighted portraiture
b) S curve composition
c) sunset lighting
d) water reflection composition
e) geometry in nature
f) kinetic energy
Include snappy title and explanatory subtitle.
Also, identifications of people and site(s).
Jazz represents a confluence of African and European musics
Jazz is a music genre that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions, says Wikipedia.
From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music.[1] Its West African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation, and the swung note.[2]
The word "jazz" (in early years also spelled "jass") began as a West Coast slang term and was first used to refer to music in Chicago in about 1915.
From its beginnings in the early 20th century jazz has spawned a variety of subgenres:
- New Orleans Dixieland dating from the early 1910s,
- big band-style swing from the 1930s and 1940s,
- bebop from the mid-1940s,
- Latin jazz fusions such as Afro-Cuban and Brazilian jazz,
- free jazz from the 1950s and 1960s,
- jazz fusion from the 1970s,
- acid jazz from the 1980s (which added funk and hip-hop influences), and
- Smooth and nujazz in the 1990s.
While jazz may be difficult to define, improvisation is clearly one of its key elements. Early blues was commonly structured around a repetitive call-and-response pattern, a common element in the African American oral tradition. A form of folk music which rose in part from work songs and field hollers of rural Blacks, early blues was also highly improvisational. These features are fundamental to the nature of jazz.
In jazz the skilled performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways, never playing the same composition exactly the same way twice. Depending upon the performer's mood and personal experience, interactions with fellow musicians, or even members of the audience, a jazz musician/performer may alter melodies, harmonies or time signature at will.
Jazz music has always had a "tension between jazz as a commercial music and an art form".[4]
Predecessors of jazz:
Ragtime: The classically trained pianist Scott Joplin in 1899 had an international hit with "Maple Leaf Rag". He wrote numerous popular rags, including, "The Entertainer", combining syncopation, banjo figurations and sometimes call-and-response, which led to the ragtime idiom being taken up by classical composers including Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky.
Blues music was undocumented in the early years. The first popularizer of a type of blues was W. C. Handy, whose "Memphis Blues" of 1912 and "St. Louis Blues" of 1914 both became jazz standards.[18] Additional influences came from spirituals and even vaudeville.
From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music.[1] Its West African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation, and the swung note.[2]
The word "jazz" (in early years also spelled "jass") began as a West Coast slang term and was first used to refer to music in Chicago in about 1915.
From its beginnings in the early 20th century jazz has spawned a variety of subgenres:
- New Orleans Dixieland dating from the early 1910s,
- big band-style swing from the 1930s and 1940s,
- bebop from the mid-1940s,
- Latin jazz fusions such as Afro-Cuban and Brazilian jazz,
- free jazz from the 1950s and 1960s,
- jazz fusion from the 1970s,
- acid jazz from the 1980s (which added funk and hip-hop influences), and
- Smooth and nujazz in the 1990s.
While jazz may be difficult to define, improvisation is clearly one of its key elements. Early blues was commonly structured around a repetitive call-and-response pattern, a common element in the African American oral tradition. A form of folk music which rose in part from work songs and field hollers of rural Blacks, early blues was also highly improvisational. These features are fundamental to the nature of jazz.
In jazz the skilled performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways, never playing the same composition exactly the same way twice. Depending upon the performer's mood and personal experience, interactions with fellow musicians, or even members of the audience, a jazz musician/performer may alter melodies, harmonies or time signature at will.
Jazz music has always had a "tension between jazz as a commercial music and an art form".[4]
Predecessors of jazz:
Ragtime: The classically trained pianist Scott Joplin in 1899 had an international hit with "Maple Leaf Rag". He wrote numerous popular rags, including, "The Entertainer", combining syncopation, banjo figurations and sometimes call-and-response, which led to the ragtime idiom being taken up by classical composers including Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky.
Blues music was undocumented in the early years. The first popularizer of a type of blues was W. C. Handy, whose "Memphis Blues" of 1912 and "St. Louis Blues" of 1914 both became jazz standards.[18] Additional influences came from spirituals and even vaudeville.
Back lighting, rim lighting: glamour lighting
Shine a light at the back of someone's head and you are on your way to creating a glamour shot. It works particularly well when the person has blond hair.
The light creates a halo, which requires special effort and is associated with glamour.
Indeed, placing a light behind your subject separates the person from the backdrop. It will be most dramatically used if you can aim the light directly at the back of the subject.
The light creates a halo, which requires special effort and is associated with glamour.
Indeed, placing a light behind your subject separates the person from the backdrop. It will be most dramatically used if you can aim the light directly at the back of the subject.
Rembrandt and European wealth
Wealthy nations and the fine arts: one seems to engender the other.
Holland was a rich nation because of Dutch expertise in sailing, import and export, banking and manufacturing. They made lace goods and woolen goods for the Euro market. They imported spices from their colonies, which included Indonesia and part of India.
Rembrandt became a painter because wealthy men paid high sums for paintings created with sumptuousness and verisimilitude. Capable artists in Amsterdam could command high fees.
Amsterdam is on the Amstel River and the Nord Zee, a splendid trading territory.
Nearby, the Dutch city of Rotterdam is at the mouth of Western Europe's greatest river, the Rhine.
Neighbors to the Nederlands are Belgium and Germany, aka Deutschland ("Deutschland uber alles").
Holland was a rich nation because of Dutch expertise in sailing, import and export, banking and manufacturing. They made lace goods and woolen goods for the Euro market. They imported spices from their colonies, which included Indonesia and part of India.
Rembrandt became a painter because wealthy men paid high sums for paintings created with sumptuousness and verisimilitude. Capable artists in Amsterdam could command high fees.
Amsterdam is on the Amstel River and the Nord Zee, a splendid trading territory.
Nearby, the Dutch city of Rotterdam is at the mouth of Western Europe's greatest river, the Rhine.
Neighbors to the Nederlands are Belgium and Germany, aka Deutschland ("Deutschland uber alles").
Researching Jazz musicians' bios in Fine Arts Survey
Using 3 images of each artist and 3 bulleted biographical notes on each image, produce and present to the class a comparison between 2 of the following artists.
Bio material -
- dates
- song title(s)
- locations
- group names
- style of jazz
- innovation
- instrument
- musical partners
- influenced later players . ..
Improvising cats -
Jazz musicians with the highest status in this American art form -
- Jellyroll Morton
- Joe King Oliver
- Louis Armstrong
- Fletcher Henderson
- Charlie Parker
- Edward Duke Ellington
- William Count Basie
- Benny Goodman
- Glenn Miller
- Lionel Hampton
- Charlie Christian
- Charlie Bird Parker
- Dizzy Gillespie
- Thelonius Monk
- Miles Davis
- John Coltrane
- Charles Mingus
- Billie Holiday
- Ella Fitzgerald
- Nat King Cole
- Herbie Hancock
- Wynton Marsalis
- George Gershwin, classical / jazz
- Leonard Bernstein, classical / jazz
For concise biographies, please see the Ken Burns Jazz site.
Bio material -
- dates
- song title(s)
- locations
- group names
- style of jazz
- innovation
- instrument
- musical partners
- influenced later players . ..
Improvising cats -
Jazz musicians with the highest status in this American art form -
- Jellyroll Morton
- Joe King Oliver
- Louis Armstrong
- Fletcher Henderson
- Charlie Parker
- Edward Duke Ellington
- William Count Basie
- Benny Goodman
- Glenn Miller
- Lionel Hampton
- Charlie Christian
- Charlie Bird Parker
- Dizzy Gillespie
- Thelonius Monk
- Miles Davis
- John Coltrane
- Charles Mingus
- Billie Holiday
- Ella Fitzgerald
- Nat King Cole
- Herbie Hancock
- Wynton Marsalis
- George Gershwin, classical / jazz
- Leonard Bernstein, classical / jazz
For concise biographies, please see the Ken Burns Jazz site.
Friday, September 3, 2010
Creoles, Italians and African-Americans: the Birth of Jazz in the Cescent City about 1900
African Americans are the best known of the participants in creating a hot music at the turn of the century. The birth of jazz seems mostly to have happened first in the port city of New Orleans.
But Af-Ams were joined in the creative act by Creole men.
Defining Creole:
1. Europeans born the new world: French or Spanish.
2. All peoples of the colonial era who were born in the new world (Europe being the old world): Africans, indigenous peoples, Europeans. And there was quite a bit of mixing between those groups.
Finally, who were the Euros who played hot music and helped birth jazz? A large percentage of them were Italians, I've seen in my reading.
What was it about Italians in New Orleans around 1900?
They were
- outsiders; as Roman Catholics in a society dominated by WASP's, they had so little status that most were forced into housing adjacent to the black quarters.
- it was not unusual to hear these Southern Europeans - most of them were from Naples or the island of Sicily - called "dagos" or "wops."
Btw, the Creoles hated being in bands with black men. Many Creoles had formal musical education. Most black musicians were not educated - even if they were talented.
Somehow these groups forged musical arrangements of all sorts of tunes - gospel-based melodies, tunes from vaudeville - into a music that was full of emotion and excitement.
That was jazz.
But Af-Ams were joined in the creative act by Creole men.
Defining Creole:
1. Europeans born the new world: French or Spanish.
2. All peoples of the colonial era who were born in the new world (Europe being the old world): Africans, indigenous peoples, Europeans. And there was quite a bit of mixing between those groups.
Finally, who were the Euros who played hot music and helped birth jazz? A large percentage of them were Italians, I've seen in my reading.
What was it about Italians in New Orleans around 1900?
They were
- outsiders; as Roman Catholics in a society dominated by WASP's, they had so little status that most were forced into housing adjacent to the black quarters.
- it was not unusual to hear these Southern Europeans - most of them were from Naples or the island of Sicily - called "dagos" or "wops."
Btw, the Creoles hated being in bands with black men. Many Creoles had formal musical education. Most black musicians were not educated - even if they were talented.
Somehow these groups forged musical arrangements of all sorts of tunes - gospel-based melodies, tunes from vaudeville - into a music that was full of emotion and excitement.
That was jazz.
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